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From Varicose Veins to Life threatening blood clots

Vein problems, particularly those involving the deep veins of the legs, are a significant risk factor for the development of blood clots. These clots can cause a range of serious health complications if they travel through the bloodstream or obstruct vital circulation pathways. For medical professionals, understanding the relationship between vein disorders and the complications of blood clots is crucial for preventing severe outcomes and managing patient care effectively.

Vein Problems and Their Role in Blood Clot Formation

Veins are responsible for returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart. When these veins are compromised, it can lead to poor circulation and an increased risk of blood clots. Several common vein problems are particularly associated with the formation of blood clots:

  1. Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): CVI occurs when the veins in the legs do not efficiently return blood to the heart due to damaged vein valves. This causes blood to pool in the legs, leading to swelling, pain, and skin changes. The stagnant blood flow can increase the risk of clot formation, particularly in the deep veins, resulting in deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
  2. Varicose Veins: These are enlarged, twisted veins that are often visible just under the surface of the skin. While they are typically a cosmetic concern, they can also indicate underlying vein problems such as CVI. The sluggish blood flow in varicose veins creates a conducive environment for clotting. Although less common, varicose veins can contribute to superficial vein thrombosis, which, while less dangerous than DVT, can still be painful and cause further complications.
  3. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This condition involves the formation of a clot in the deep veins, usually in the legs. DVT is particularly dangerous because if part of the clot breaks free, it can travel through the bloodstream and lodge in the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE). This is a life-threatening complication that can lead to severe respiratory distress and even death.

Complications Arising from Vein-Related Blood Clots

When blood clots form due to vein problems, they can lead to a range of serious complications. Here are some of the most concerning:

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): When a clot formed in the deep veins (DVT) travels to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism. PE blocks blood flow in the lungs, which can lead to sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and even death if not treated immediately. The connection between DVT and PE underscores the importance of early detection and treatment of vein problems.
  • Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS): This condition can develop in up to 50% of patients who have had a DVT. PTS results from long-term damage to the vein valves caused by the clot, leading to chronic pain, swelling, and in severe cases, ulcers. PTS significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life and highlights the long-term consequences of untreated vein issues.
  • Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): Following a DVT, patients are at higher risk of developing chronic venous insufficiency. The clot can damage the vein valves permanently, leading to persistent symptoms such as leg swelling, varicose veins, skin changes, and venous ulcers. This condition further increases the risk of future clot formation and requires ongoing management.

Prevention and Management of Vein-Related Blood Clot Complications

Preventing complications from blood clots due to vein problems involves several strategies:

  • Compression Therapy: Wearing compression stockings can help improve blood flow in the legs and reduce the risk of clot formation in patients with chronic venous insufficiency or varicose veins. Compression therapy is often recommended for patients post-DVT to prevent PTS.
  • Anticoagulation Therapy: Patients with a history of DVT or those at high risk of clot formation may be prescribed anticoagulants to reduce the chance of clotting. However, this requires careful monitoring to balance the risk of bleeding complications.
  • Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise, weight management, and elevating the legs can help improve venous circulation and reduce the risk of clots. Patients are also advised to avoid prolonged periods of immobility, which can exacerbate vein problems and increase clot risk.

Understanding the relationship between vein disorders and blood clot complications is essential for healthcare providers to prevent severe outcomes and provide effective management strategies for patients. Early diagnosis and proactive treatment are key to mitigating the risks associated with these conditions and ensuring better patient outcomes.

The Connection Between Blood Clots and Varicose Veins

Varicose veins and blood clots are two venous conditions that often coexist and can significantly impact vascular health. While varicose veins are frequently regarded as a cosmetic concern, they may signal underlying venous insufficiency, predisposing individuals to thrombotic events. Understanding the relationship between varicose veins and blood clots is crucial for effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Varicose Veins: An Overview

Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous superficial veins resulting from venous insufficiency. They commonly appear blue or dark purple and are predominantly found in the lower extremities. The pathophysiology involves valvular incompetence, leading to venous hypertension and venous stasis. This condition is often associated with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), which further exacerbates venous dysfunction.

Blood Clots: Understanding Thrombosis

Blood clots, or thrombi, form when blood coagulates within the vascular system. While clotting is essential to prevent hemorrhage, pathological thrombosis within veins can be dangerous. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) refers to clots in deep veins, often in the legs, which can lead to life-threatening complications if embolization occurs, such as pulmonary embolism (PE).

Pathophysiological Connection Between Varicose Veins and Blood Clots

The interplay between varicose veins and thrombus formation is multifaceted:

  1. Venous Stasis

Venous insufficiency associated with varicose veins results in blood pooling, or stasis, within the venous system. This stasis is a well-known component of Virchow’s triad, which describes the three primary factors contributing to thrombosis: venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability.

  1. Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation

Varicose veins induce chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction within the venous wall. These inflammatory processes can activate the coagulation cascade, increasing the risk of thrombus formation.

  1. Chronic Venous Insufficiency

CVI, commonly accompanying varicose veins, involves prolonged venous hypertension, further promoting thrombotic risk by sustaining an environment conducive to clot formation.

Risk Factors

Several factors predispose individuals to both varicose veins and thrombotic events:

  • Age: Advancing age correlates with decreased venous elasticity and valvular competence.
  • Genetic Predisposition: A family history of venous disorders increases susceptibility.
  • Prolonged Immobility: Extended periods of sitting or standing enhance venous stasis.
  • Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased venous pressure during pregnancy contribute to venous dilation and stasis.
  • Obesity: Excessive body weight exerts additional pressure on the venous system.
  • Hormonal Therapy: Hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives can elevate thrombotic risk.

Clinical Manifestations

Recognizing the clinical signs of both varicose veins and thrombotic events is imperative for timely intervention:

  • Varicose Veins: Visible dilated veins, leg discomfort, heaviness, pruritus, and skin changes such as hyperpigmentation or lipodermatosclerosis.
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis: Unilateral leg swelling, erythema, pain or tenderness, and warmth in the affected limb.

Preventive Measures

  • Compression Therapy: Graduated compression stockings enhance venous return and reduce stasis.
  • Regular Physical Activity: Exercise improves overall vascular health and circulation.
  • Leg Elevation: Elevating the legs facilitates venous return and alleviates pressure.
  • Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight minimizes venous pressure.

Medical and Interventional Treatments

  • Sclerotherapy: Injection of a sclerosant into varicose veins induces fibrosis and vein closure.
  • Endovenous Laser Therapy (EVLT): Laser energy applied endovenously causes vein ablation.
  • Pharmacotherapy: Anticoagulants are prescribed for the prevention and treatment of DVT.
  • Surgical Interventions: Vein stripping or ligation may be necessary for severe varicosities.

The connection between varicose veins and blood clots underscores the importance of comprehensive venous health management. Individuals with varicose veins should be vigilant for thrombotic symptoms and seek medical consultation for appropriate evaluation and treatment. Through a combination of lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic interventions, and potentially surgical procedures, the risks associated with varicose veins and blood clots can be effectively managed, ensuring better vascular health and overall well-being.

Understanding Blood Clots After Leg Injuries

Injuries to the legs are not uncommon, whether from accidents, sports activities, or everyday mishaps. While the immediate concern often revolves around treating the injury itself, there’s another hidden danger that can arise: blood clots. Here we will discuss the connection between leg injuries and blood clots, explore the potential complications, and describe effective treatment strategies.

The Link Between Leg Injuries and Blood Clots:

When a leg sustains an injury, especially one that involves damage to blood vessels or prolonged immobility, the risk of blood clot formation increases. The body’s natural response to injury is to initiate clotting to stop bleeding and promote healing. However, if blood flow is impaired due to the injury or if the individual remains immobile for an extended period, the conditions become ripe for clot formation.

Understanding Complications:

The most concerning complication of blood clots after leg injuries is deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the deep veins of the legs. This can lead to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and warmth in the affected leg. However, the danger doesn’t end there. If a clot breaks loose and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs, it can cause a pulmonary embolism (PE), a life-threatening condition characterized by symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat.

Additionally, individuals who have experienced DVT are at risk of developing post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). PTS can manifest as chronic pain, swelling, and discoloration in the affected leg, along with skin changes such as ulcers and thickening. These complications can significantly impact an individual’s quality of life and may require long-term management.

Effective Treatment Strategies:

Treatment for blood clots resulting from leg injuries focuses on preventing clot formation, reducing the size of existing clots, and minimizing the risk of complications. Some common approaches include:

  • Anticoagulant Medications: Blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin are often prescribed to prevent the formation of new blood clots and reduce the risk of existing clots growing larger. These medications work by inhibiting the body’s clotting mechanism.
  • Compression Therapy: Wearing compression stockings or bandages can help improve blood flow in the legs, reducing the risk of clot formation and alleviating symptoms such as swelling and pain.
  • Mobility and Exercise: Encouraging movement and regular exercise can help prevent blood from pooling in the legs and reduce the risk of clot formation. Simple activities such as walking or flexing and extending the feet while seated can be beneficial.
  • Elevating the Leg: Keeping the injured leg elevated above the level of the heart can help reduce swelling and improve blood flow, thus decreasing the risk of clot formation.
  • Thrombolytic Therapy: In severe cases where a clot is large or causing significant symptoms, thrombolytic therapy may be used to dissolve the clot more rapidly. This involves the administration of medications that break down the clot.

If you have experienced a leg injury and suspect you may have a blood clot, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly for evaluation and treatment. At Avis Vascular center we help you take proactive measures and by following your doctor’s guidance, you can minimize the risk of complications and promote optimal recovery. Call, and talk to our experts today.

Varicose Veins & Risk of Deadly Blood Clots

Varicose veins, those twisted, bulging veins often found in the legs, are commonly seen as a cosmetic concern. However, recent research has shed light on a more alarming connection: varicose veins could potentially indicate the presence of a deadly blood clot. Understanding this link is crucial, as untreated varicose veins and blood clots pose significant health risks. Let’s delve into the consequences of not treating varicose veins and the dangers associated with blood clots.

Varicose veins develop when the valves within the veins weaken or fail, causing blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. While they may initially seem harmless, varicose veins can progress and lead to various complications if left untreated. These complications include:

  1. Chronic Pain and Discomfort: Varicose veins often cause aching, throbbing, and heaviness in the legs, especially after prolonged periods of standing or sitting. This chronic discomfort can significantly impair one’s quality of life and daily activities.
  2. Skin Changes and Ulcers: Over time, untreated varicose veins can lead to skin changes such as discoloration, inflammation, and thickening. In severe cases, the lack of proper blood flow can result in venous ulcers, open sores that are challenging to heal and prone to infection.
  3. Bleeding: Varicose veins close to the skin’s surface are more susceptible to injury. Even minor trauma, such as a bump or scratch, can lead to bleeding. While usually not life-threatening, persistent bleeding requires medical attention to prevent complications.
  4. Superficial Thrombophlebitis: This condition occurs when a blood clot forms in a superficial vein, causing inflammation and pain. While usually not dangerous, it can lead to complications if the clot extends into deeper veins.

While these complications are concerning, perhaps the most alarming risk associated with varicose veins is their potential to indicate the presence of a blood clot, specifically deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, typically in the legs. If a piece of the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs, it can cause a life-threatening condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE). The consequences of untreated DVT and PE can be severe and include:

  1. Pulmonary Embolism (PE): When a blood clot travels to the lungs, it can block blood flow, leading to difficulty breathing, chest pain, rapid heart rate, and even sudden death. PE requires immediate medical attention and can be fatal if not treated promptly.
  2. Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI): Untreated DVT can damage the valves in the veins, leading to chronic venous insufficiency. This condition causes swelling, skin changes, and leg ulcers, significantly impacting mobility and quality of life.
  3. Post-thrombotic Syndrome (PTS): PTS occurs in some individuals after experiencing DVT. It is characterized by chronic pain, swelling, and skin changes in the affected leg, often leading to long-term disability and reduced quality of life.

Varicose veins are not merely a cosmetic concern but can indicate underlying vascular issues that warrant attention. Beyond the discomfort and cosmetic implications, untreated varicose veins can lead to serious complications, including the development of deadly blood clots such as DVT and PE. 

Recognizing the potential risks and seeking appropriate treatment is essential for preventing complications and maintaining overall health and well-being. If you are experiencing symptoms of varicose veins or are concerned about your vascular health, consult with a qualified healthcare professional for an evaluation and personalized treatment plan.

Do Spider Veins lead to Potentially Deadly Blood Clots?

Spider veins, medically known as telangiectasias, are small, dilated blood vessels visible on the skin’s surface. They are commonly red, purple, or blue and resemble thin lines, branches, or a spider’s web. Spider veins are most frequently seen on the legs and face and affect a substantial portion of the adult population.

These veins are generally superficial, measuring between 0.5 to 1 millimeter in diameter. They arise from a variety of causes, including genetics, aging, hormonal changes (common in pregnancy and menopause), obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and prolonged standing or sitting. Sun exposure can also contribute, especially on the face.

While spider veins are usually not a health concern, they can sometimes cause minor discomfort, such as itching or burning. Aesthetically, they can be a source of distress for some individuals, leading them to seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.

In contrast to spider veins, varicose veins are larger, swollen blood vessels that are also visible through the skin. They are more likely than spider veins to cause discomfort, including aching, throbbing, or a feeling of heaviness in the legs. Varicose veins can sometimes lead to complications like skin changes, ulcers, or, rarely, blood clots.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a serious condition involving blood clots in deeper veins, usually presents with swelling, pain, redness, and warmth in one leg. DVT can be life-threatening if a clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism. However, spider veins themselves are not direct indicators of DVT or other severe blood clot disorders.

Available treatment options

Spider veins and varicose veins can be managed or eliminated through various interventional methods. These treatments not only address cosmetic concerns but also alleviate discomfort associated with the condition.

  • Sclerotherapy: This is a common treatment for both spider veins and small varicose veins. A solution is injected into the vein, causing it to scar and collapse. The treated vein is then reabsorbed by the body over time, and blood is rerouted through healthier veins. Sclerotherapy is often effective after a few treatments and does not require anesthesia.
  • Laser Treatments: Laser therapy can effectively treat spider veins and small varicose veins. The laser emits a concentrated beam of light that generates heat, damaging the vein and causing it to gradually disappear. This procedure is non-invasive and particularly useful for veins that are too small to inject.
  • Endovenous Thermal Ablation: This technique uses heat from lasers or radio waves to close off varicose veins. It’s minimally invasive, performed under local anesthesia, and typically involves less discomfort and quicker recovery compared to surgery.
  • Surgery: For large varicose veins, surgical options such as vein stripping or ligation might be considered. These procedures are less common now due to the effectiveness and reduced recovery time associated with newer, less invasive techniques.
  • Compression Therapy: While not a treatment for removing spider or varicose veins, wearing compression stockings can help reduce discomfort and prevent worsening of the condition. They work by gently squeezing the legs to improve blood flow.

It is important for individuals considering treatment to consult with a healthcare provider, ideally a phlebologist, to determine the most appropriate method based on the condition’s severity, location, and personal health status.

Recognizing the Signs of DVT Blood Cloths

Blood clots are a significant health issue, and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a common and dangerous type. This article delves into the vein problems causing blood clots, focusing on DVT, its potential risks, and preventive measures.

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the lower leg, thigh, or pelvis, though they can also occur in other areas. DVT is particularly concerning because it can lead to severe complications, including death.

Causes and Risk Factors of DVT

DVT results from a combination of factors that affect blood flow, vein health, and blood clotting:

Venous Stasis: Extended periods of inactivity, such as bed rest or long flights, can slow blood flow in the legs, increasing the risk of clotting.

Vein Damage: Injury or surgery can damage the inner lining of veins, contributing to clot formation.

Hypercoagulability: Certain medical conditions and lifestyle choices can make blood more prone to clotting.

Additional risk factors include obesity, Pregnancy, Cancer and its treatments. Smoking, hormonal birth control or hormone replacement therapy are other risk factors.  

Recognizing DVT symptoms is crucial for timely treatment.

Identifying when a blood clot develops in your body, particularly in cases of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT), involves being aware of specific symptoms. However, it’s important to note that in some cases, blood clots can occur without any obvious symptoms. Here are key signs and symptoms to watch out for:

Swelling: This usually occurs in one limb and is a common sign of DVT. The swelling can be sudden and may be accompanied by pain or tenderness.

Pain or Tenderness: The pain often starts in your calf and can feel like cramping or soreness. It might become more noticeable when you stand or walk.

Red or Discolored Skin: The skin around the painful area may become red or discolored.

Warmth: The area around the clot may feel warm to the touch.

Leg Weakness: In some cases, there might be a feeling of weakness in the leg where the clot is located.

Complications of DVT

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): A life-threatening condition where a part of the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. Shortness of breath, coughing up blood, and chest pain that becomes intense while you breathe, or cough are symptoms of PE and will need immediate attention.
  • Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS): Chronic leg pain, swelling, and skin changes after a DVT.
  • Venous Ulcers: Long-standing DVT can lead to painful ulcers on the affected limb.

Prevention and Management of DVT

Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and staying hydrated can significantly reduce the risk.

Avoid Prolonged Immobility: During long travels, take breaks to walk and stretch your legs.

Compression Stockings: These can be effective in preventing DVT, especially after surgery.

Medications: Anticoagulants, or blood thinners, are often prescribed to prevent or treat DVT.

Once a clot has formed or if you have risk factors for DVT, it is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to develop a personalized plan of treatment.  

How do blood clots form in the veins?

A blood clot is a clump of blood that can form anywhere inside the body. Blood clots vary in size and restrict the blood flow to various different body parts. These are not only harmful but can also turn to be fatal if not diagnosed and treated on time.

Blood clots may occur in the arms, legs, lungs, abdomen (stomach), heart, brain, and even kidneys. The symptoms can contrast from mere swelling and mild pain to extreme cases of heart attack and brain stroke.

There are two main variants of blood clots.

  • Thrombosis – Blood clots that are local, stay at one place in the body and do not move
  • Embolism – Blood clots that break away from the spot and keep moving to different body parts through the bloodstream

In order to prevent blood clots, we must understand how they are formed, its common causes, early symptoms, the process of diagnosis and the treatment procedure. Please read through this detailed write-up for a thorough understanding of blood clots.

How are blood clots formed?

As soon as you get an injury or meet with an accident that damages one or more of your blood vessels, the platelets (tiny disc-shaped cells) in the blood are triggered to release chemicals that initiate the blood clotting process.

During the blood clotting phenomenon, the platelets attract other platelet cells which bind with each other and with the damaged blood vessels to stop bleeding and prevent further blood loss.

The blood clotting factors attract more and more cells to completely secure the damaged area and this causes the blood clot to grow huge in size. New proteins receive signals from the extra clotting factors that prevent the clot from spreading.

Once the damaged tissue begins to heal, the blood clot dissolves itself back into the bloodstream. But at a few instances, certain substances in the bloodstream like the plague, unnecessarily initiate the blood clotting process and that causes unwanted deep vein blood clots leading to Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).

What causes blood clots?

Although blood clotting is vital to restrict excessive blood loss after getting hurt, unrequired blood clotting can lead to a medical emergency or even death. The below-mentioned risk factors can cause blood clots to form without a trigger.

  1. Being obese or overweight
  2. Being over 70 years of age
  3. A personal history or family heredity of blood clots
  4. Sitting for extended time durations, especially during long flights or road travel expeditions
  5. Pregnancy or recent pregnancy
  6. An injury or trauma
  7. Undergoing a surgical procedure or hospitalization
  8. Prolonged bed rest suggested after a critical surgery or an acute illness
  9. Smoking
  10. Use of birth control pills that contain the estrogen hormone or any other hormone replacement therapy
  11. Cancers of the type lung, pancreatic, multiple myeloma, or blood cancer
  12. Autoimmune disorders
  13. Chronic inflammation diseases
  14. Infections such as HIV/AIDS, Lyme disease, hepatitis C

What are the symptoms of a blood clot?

In a large number of cases, the patients often receive warning signals that point towards a blood clot. You must carefully watch out for the below-mentioned most common blood clot symptoms:

  1. A feeling of warmth in the affected area, most commonly the leg
  2. The skin of the damaged area looks prominently red
  3. Swelling accompanied by pain in the damaged body part. If the blood clot is in the leg, the patient may find it difficult to walk or stand
  4. Numbness around the damaged blood vessels or tissues

The symptoms also differ with the location of the blood clot. The blood clot in the arms or legs may cause cramps and tenderness whereas the ones in the abdomen area can lead to vomiting and Diarrhea.

Certain blood clots can even travel to different parts of the body:

  1. Clots in the heart cause a heavy feeling and intense pain in the chest and upper area of the body, breathlessness, nausea, sweating, and light-headedness.
  2. A clot that moves to the lungs can lead to shortness of breath, fever, sweating, severe chest pain, racing heart, etc
  3. A blood clot in the brain can be truly dangerous as it causes weakness in the face, arms, legs and may affect the speech and vision of the patient. It is often accompanied by acute headache and dizziness.

At times it can get really tedious to diagnose blood clots as most of the above symptoms are often confused with a heart attack or a brain stroke.

How are blood clots diagnosed?

Whether you go for a first-time check-up or reach the hospital in an emergency, the doctor will examine your symptoms and inquire about your medical history. The doctor will also request details about your family history of blood clots and the medicines that you are currently taking.

The medical practitioner will also collect your blood sample and conduct a blood test to check for an autoimmune disorder or other infections. Your blood sample will also be tested for abnormal clotting or the presence of antibodies that may be interfering with the blood clotting process.

How can blood clots be treated?

Once the patient is diagnosed to be suffering from a blood clot, the treatment is fairly simple and straightforward. Almost all patients are advised to consume blood thinners and anticoagulants that help dissolve the existing clots and prevent the new ones from developing.

If you are obese or have a sedentary lifestyle, the doctors may suggest you improve your activity levels and shed the extra kilos by engaging in sports or other physical activities. You may also be asked to follow a strict diet and give-up on smoking.

To some patients, medicines for blood clot dissolution are given through the catheter that is inserted in the affected area through a small cut on the skin. In other critical cases, especially with blood clots in the legs or feet, doctors may suggest surgical removal of the blood clot.

After successful treatment, it is vital to visit your doctor at least once every few weeks for a proper physical examination and any desired change in medications.

Conclusion

Blood clots can easily be prevented if you are aware of its causes and take strict measures to avoid the common risk factors. Completely give up on smoking, lose weight, speak to your doctor about effective alternatives to birth control pills, and ask your doctor if you must consume blood-thinning drugs on a regular basis.

If you have a personal or a family medical history of blood clots, you must eat a nutritious diet and maintain a healthy weight. You must always be cautious and keep an eye on the common symptoms of blood clots. It is also advisable to undergo routine vein screening as you are at a high risk of developing blood clots due to a past case history. This will help in early diagnosis and efficient treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis before the situation gets worse.

If you notice any of the above signs of blood clots in your body, do not hesitate to schedule an appointment with the renowned interventional radiologist Dr. Rajah V Koppala at Avis Hospitals. He has 24+ years of experience and is known to offer the best medical advice and genuine medical treatment of endovenous laser treatment for DVT patients. Schedule your appointment today!