Arthritis is a significant health concern in India, affecting a large segment of the population. Arthritis is more prevalent in Indian women compared to men. The focus on Indian women suffering from arthritis reveals unique challenges and considerations that need to be addressed. This disparity is attributed to various factors, including biological, hormonal, genetic, and lifestyle aspects.
Women often experience more severe symptoms and a higher degree of disability. Characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, arthritis is a leading cause of disability worldwide. In India, its prevalence has been rising, affecting not only the elderly but also the younger population. This rise necessitates exploring effective treatment options beyond conventional methods.
Genicular Artery Embolization: A Novel Approach
Genicular Artery Embolization (GAE) is an emerging interventional treatment for knee osteoarthritis. This minimally invasive procedure involves the selective occlusion of genicular arteries to reduce inflammation and pain.
The Procedure of Genicular Artery Embolization
Performed under local anesthesia, GAE requires only a small puncture in the groin or wrist. Using advanced imaging techniques, the interventional radiologist guides a catheter to the affected genicular arteries. Tiny particles are then injected to block these arteries, thereby reducing blood flow to the inflamed synovial tissue and alleviating pain.
Advantages of GAE
- Pain Relief: Studies have shown significant pain reduction in patients undergoing GAE. Post-GAE, many patients experience a significant reduction in pain, decreasing their reliance on long-term pain medication. This not only improves their quality of life but also reduces the risk of side effects associated with chronic pain medication use.
- Preserves Joint Structure: Unlike joint replacement, GAE doesn’t alter the joint’s anatomy. In contrast to joint replacement surgeries, where the damaged joint (often a knee or hip) is partially or wholly replaced with artificial components, GAE maintains the natural anatomy of the joint. There is no removal of bone or implantation of prosthetics. The natural joint, with all its components – bones, ligaments, cartilage, and muscles – remains intact.
- Minimally Invasive: Unlike surgery, GAE is less invasive, reducing the risks associated with open procedures.
- Quick Recovery: Patients typically resume normal activities within a few days.
The Indian Perspective: Accessibility and Affordability
In India, the accessibility to advanced interventional treatments like GAE is growing. Leading hospitals in metropolitan cities are equipped with the necessary technology and expertise. However, there’s a need to extend these services to smaller towns and rural areas.
While GAE may initially seem expensive, it is cost-effective in the long run compared to repeated interventions or joint replacement surgeries.
Indian medical research is currently focusing on GAE and several clinical trials and studies are underway to evaluate its efficacy and long-term outcomes in Indian patients, considering the diverse demographic and lifestyle factors.
Patient Selection and Considerations
Not all arthritis patients are suitable for GAE. Ideal candidates are those with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis who haven’t responded to conservative treatments. A thorough clinical evaluation, including imaging studies, is necessary to determine eligibility.
With ongoing research, increased awareness, and technological advancements, GAE is on its way to become a mainstream treatment for arthritis.
